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A number of factors determine how organizations are structured. These include the organization’s goals, social customs and mores, the beliefs and values of the founders or managers, environmental constraints, and available technology. As mentioned earlier, size, though an element of structure, is also a determinant because it influences all the other elements.

Organizational goals clearly influence the way an organization is designed. The high value placed on productivity and quality as well as shareholder value had a major influence on the redesign of Westinghouse as a more diversified and decentralized firm. Indeed, goals are the prime determinants of structure. If one is in the business of producing hamburgers, the goal of delivering a gourmet product at a moderate price leads to different structuring arrangements than does the goal of delivering a reliable product quickly at a low price.

To read more about organizational structure

Eric Raymond

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Classical theories and the principles derived from them continue to be popular today with some modifications. Many criticisms have been directed at the classicists. Several major ones are discussed here. Many of the writers in the classical school of management developed their ideas on the basis of their experiences as managers or consultants with only certain types of organizations. For instance, Taylor’s and Fayol’s work came primarily from their experiences with large manufacturing firms that were experiencing stable environments. It may be unwise to generalize from those situations to others—especially to young, high-technology firms of today that are confronted daily with changes in their competitors’ products.

To read more about classical management theories

Eric Raymond

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Now, I do want to limit the number of people that take this offer since I only have time to help a limited number of people.  I also have my own project that I am promoting.  I’m not sure what the limit is right now but I will know as people sign up for this fantastic bonus, <!– /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Tahoma; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1627421319 -2147483648 8 0 66047 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:”"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:”Times New Roman”; mso-fareast-font-family:”Times New Roman”;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} –>
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Managers, upon joining the managerial ranks of an organization, must possess certain skills that will enable them to perform their tasks successfully. In many ways, the skills that managers possess in the organization are the most valued resources of the organization. Poor managerial skills can defeat the most successful activities and in many cases can lead to the demise of the organization. Robert L. Katz suggests that three important managerial skills that must be cultivated and enhanced by the organization are technical, human, and conceptual.’ The degree of development a manager has in each of these three skills will have a strong impact not only upon the success of the organization but also upon the career success of the manager.

To read more about managerial skills

Eric Raymond

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What is formalization in organizations? Formalization is the extent to which rules and procedures are followed in an organization. This element varies greatly across organizations. For example, in some organizations arrival and departure times to and from work are specified to the minute, with time clocks used to control deviant behavior. In other organizations it is understood that employees will spend sufficient time on the job to get the work done. In some organizations rules and procedures cover most activities, while in others people are allowed to exercise their own judgment.

To read more about formalization in organizations

Eric Raymond

centre dentaire

One of the web’s fastest growing online activities today is social media. This has been a place for customers in a variety of markets and niche communities to interact with other buyers, to learn, educate others, and for some celebrities, to create fan base.

If you want to gauge your customers’s interests, tastes and preferences, interacting with them is the best way to go. Find out how social media marketing can help your business grow, in this great article at http://adpublishing.org.

The contingency, or situational, approach to management theory and practice emerged in the early 1960s from organizational research conducted in the United States and England. With the arrival of the sixties came the expansion of markets based not on the introduction of new products but rather on the differentiation of existing products. Consumers were demanding more variety in the products they purchased. The Henry Ford axiom from a previous generation, “You can buy a car of any color as long as it is black,” was no longer acceptable. With consumer demand becoming more diversified, so did the types of organizations that were being founded. In addition, the work force was becoming less blue-collar and more white-collar.

Read more about contingency theory

Eric Raymond

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About Administrative Theory : in the 19th century, America was undergoing rapid growth and expansion. Midwestern and western lands were sparsely inhabited and contained large quantities of untapped minerals, forest reserves, and fertile farmland. As the population moved westward, new markets were opened for enterprises, and the need for power, transportation, and communication became critical. With the development of rail systems and the establishment of telegraph lines, entrepreneurial activity was abundant and highly competitive. The need to develop management techniques that would integrate technology, materials, and worker activities in a productive and efficient manner was a central concern during this period. Because of these events in the United States and the impact of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, classical management theory evolved in an effort to develop techniques that would solve problems of organizational efficiency in the production of goods and services.

To read more about Administrative Theory

Eric Raymond

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How to identify an organizational culture. The Ronald McDonald Center clearly illustrates the importance of community to McDonald’s. The emphasis on “quality, service, cleanliness and value” informs employees of what the company does well and what all workers should focus on. Other approaches to assessing culture result in pictures different from this one. A manager might find it useful to catalog the myths and stories that circulate in his own organization and ask whether they share some common meaning purposeful to the organization. This method would be one way to get an idea about the culture of one’s own organization. The corporate culture specialist Schein states that there are no reliably quick ways to identify the cultural assumptions of people in organizations. He recommends observing, talking to people, collecting archival data, listening to stories, and so on, until a pattern finally emerges.

To read more about organizational culture

Éric Raymond

centre dentaire

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You can easily make funny video websites, and then profit from them nicely. Many people have done it and are actually making their living off it. Here’s how to make funny video websites and make money at it:

1. Getting a site.

The first thing to making a funny video website is choosing a good name. Have some fun trying to think up catchy names for your website. A catchy, unique and memorable name is key to not only getting traffic but maintaining traffic.

2. Getting the videos.

You can easily lift videos from other popular video sites. But there are also sites that allow you access to many of the popular funny videos which you can use. Many sites share with one another videos as well. So getting the videos to supply for your funny video website is relative easy.

3. Making the Money.

Making money off your site is going to consist of different forms income streams. From click on ad’s, banner advertising, and actual products which you can sell on your site and receive heavy commissions from.

Start up accounts at Google and yahoo for click on ad’s, and find internet products which will coincide with the type of videos you’ll be showing. Many internet products will have programs for webmasters which you can sign up for and immediately start promoting products on your site. Once your site develops traffic, you can start to hit up larger business’s for banner ad’s which can pay very well. The combination of different income streams will bring in a steady income flow as long as your traffic is ramped up.

4. Putting your site together.

There are specific programs you can get for building sites. They will take the headache of “coding” away, and have you setting up your site quickly and fairly easily. A good “make video website” book or manual will show you exactly what needs to be done and provide inside access to sources which can make things thousands of times easier.

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